The production of poultry feed still mainly relies on plant proteins, requiring resource-intensive crops. Indeed, after the mad cow disease crisis (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), Regulation of EU council No 999/2001 set out rules on farmed animals feed, including the prohibition of processed animal proteins (PAP). Derogations have since then been issued, regarding insects PAP in poultry and pig feed (Regulation EU N° 2021/1372). However, cross-contamination risk with ruminant feed cannot be excluded, which would require specific regulations to mitigate it (e.g. separation of the production and farming chains). This explains the ongoing dependence of poultry feed production on plant proteins from third countries, which often leads to environmental issues such as deforestation, habitat loss, and overexploitation of agricultural land. Insects emerge as an eco-friendlier and efficient alternative, being “an excellent feed material, with high concentration of highly digestible nutrients such as amino acids and phosphorous, and a high content in vitamins” which “would reduce this dependence on third countries ’protein” as highlighted in Regulation (EU) N° 2021/1372.